在微創(chuàng)醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域，內(nèi)窺鏡作為醫(yī)生的“第二雙眼睛”，其性能穩(wěn)定性直接關(guān)系到診療精度與患者安全。導(dǎo)光管作為內(nèi)窺鏡的光學(xué)“血管”，其維修與保養(yǎng)是設(shè)備維護(hù)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。本文將從技術(shù)原理、故障模式、修復(fù)工藝三個(gè)維度，深度解析內(nèi)窺鏡維修中的導(dǎo)光管修復(fù)技術(shù)。

　　In the field of minimally invasive medicine, endoscopes serve as the "second pair of eyes" for doctors, and their performance stability directly affects the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment and patient safety. As the optical "blood vessel" of endoscopes, the repair and maintenance of the light guide tube is a key step in equipment maintenance. This article will deeply analyze the light guide tube repair technology in endoscopic maintenance from three dimensions: technical principles, failure modes, and repair processes.

　　一、導(dǎo)光管的技術(shù)架構(gòu)與功能定位

　　1、 Technical architecture and functional positioning of light guide tube

　　導(dǎo)光管是內(nèi)窺鏡的光傳導(dǎo)通道，由光纖束、金屬護(hù)套、光學(xué)接口三部分構(gòu)成：

　　The light guide tube is the optical transmission channel of an endoscope, consisting of three parts: fiber bundle, metal sheath, and optical interface

　　光纖束

　　Fiber bundle

　　采用石英玻璃或塑料光纖，通過全反射原理傳輸照明光。單根內(nèi)窺鏡導(dǎo)光管包含5000-10000根光纖，光損耗率<3%/m，確保成像亮度均勻。

　　Using quartz glass or plastic optical fibers, the illumination light is transmitted through the principle of total reflection. A single endoscope light guide tube contains 5000-10000 optical fibers with a light loss rate of<3%/m, ensuring uniform imaging brightness.

　　金屬護(hù)套

　　metallic sheath

　　通常由304不銹鋼或鈦合金制成，壁厚0.2-0.5mm，提供機(jī)械保護(hù)與光學(xué)屏蔽。在彎曲半徑<30mm時(shí)，仍能保持光纖排列精度，避免光斑畸變。

　　Usually made of 304 stainless steel or titanium alloy, with a wall thickness of 0.2-0.5mm, providing mechanical protection and optical shielding. When the bending radius is less than 30mm, the fiber arrangement accuracy can still be maintained to avoid spot distortion.

　　光學(xué)接口

　　optical interface

　　通過SMA或C型接口與光源連接，采用鍍膜透鏡組進(jìn)行光束整形，將發(fā)散光轉(zhuǎn)換為平行光，照明均勻性達(dá)90%以上。

　　Connect to the light source through SMA or C-type interface, use coated lens group for beam shaping, convert scattered light into parallel light, and achieve illumination uniformity of over 90%.

　　二、導(dǎo)光管的典型失效模式

　　2、 Typical failure modes of light guide tubes

　　導(dǎo)光管故障呈現(xiàn)多樣化特征，主要分為三類：

　　The faults of the light guide tube exhibit diverse characteristics, mainly divided into three categories:

　　光學(xué)性能衰減

　　Optical performance attenuation

　　光纖端面污染、光纖斷裂、鍍膜老化等因素，導(dǎo)致光通量下降。實(shí)測(cè)顯示，使用500小時(shí)后，光輸出功率衰減可達(dá)15%。

　　Factors such as fiber end contamination, fiber breakage, and coating aging lead to a decrease in luminous flux. Tests have shown that after 500 hours of use, the optical output power can decay by up to 15%.

　　機(jī)械損傷

　　mechanical damage

　　因彎曲半徑過小、碰撞或清潔不當(dāng)，造成光纖斷裂或護(hù)套變形。在胃鏡檢查中，導(dǎo)光管需承受≥1000次彎曲循環(huán)，疲勞損傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高。

　　Due to insufficient bending radius, collision or improper cleaning, fiber breakage or sheath deformation may occur. In gastroscopy examination, the light guide tube needs to withstand ≥ 1000 bending cycles, which poses a high risk of fatigue damage.

　　密封失效

　　Sealing failure

　　接口密封圈老化或護(hù)套破損，導(dǎo)致體液滲入。在濕熱環(huán)境下，絕緣電阻可降至1MΩ以下，引發(fā)電氣安全隱患。

　　The interface sealing ring is aging or the protective sheath is damaged, causing bodily fluids to seep in. In humid and hot environments, the insulation resistance can drop below 1M Ω, causing electrical safety hazards.

　　三、導(dǎo)光管修復(fù)的核心工藝

　　3、 The core process of repairing light guide tubes

　　導(dǎo)光管修復(fù)需經(jīng)過八道精密工序，形成閉環(huán)維護(hù)體系：

　　The repair of the light guide tube requires eight precision processes to form a closed-loop maintenance system:

　　無損檢測(cè)

　　NDT

　　使用光纖顯微鏡與光功率計(jì)，對(duì)光纖端面進(jìn)行400倍放大檢查，定位斷裂點(diǎn)與污染區(qū)域。光損耗檢測(cè)精度達(dá)0.1dB，誤差<5%。

　　Using a fiber optic microscope and optical power meter, perform a 400x magnification inspection on the fiber end face to locate the fracture point and contaminated area. The accuracy of optical loss detection reaches 0.1dB, with an error of less than 5%.

　　清潔處理

　　Cleaning treatment

　　采用超聲波清洗機(jī)與異丙醇，分三階段清潔：預(yù)洗去除大顆粒，精洗溶解有機(jī)物，漂洗去除殘留。清潔后光纖端面顆粒數(shù)<50個(gè)/cm2。

　　Using an ultrasonic cleaning machine and isopropanol, the cleaning process is divided into three stages: pre washing to remove large particles, fine washing to dissolve organic matter, and rinsing to remove residues. After cleaning, the particle count on the fiber end face is less than 50 particles/cm2.

　　端面研磨

　　End grinding

　　使用自動(dòng)研磨機(jī)，通過金剛石研磨膏進(jìn)行八級(jí)精度研磨。研磨后光纖端面粗糙度Ra<0.1μm，耦合效率提升20%。

　　Use an automatic grinder to grind with eight levels of precision using diamond grinding paste. After grinding, the roughness Ra of the fiber end face is less than 0.1 μ m, and the coupling efficiency is improved by 20%.

　　鍍膜修復(fù)

　　Coating repair

　　對(duì)老化鍍膜層，采用離子束濺射技術(shù)重新沉積增透膜。在400-700nm波長范圍內(nèi)，反射率<0.5%，恢復(fù)光學(xué)性能。

　　For the aging coating layer, ion beam sputtering technology is used to re deposit the anti reflective film. Within the wavelength range of 400-700nm, reflectance<0.5% restores optical performance.

　　護(hù)套整形

　　Sheath shaping

　　對(duì)變形護(hù)套，使用液壓校直機(jī)與激光測(cè)徑儀，將彎曲半徑恢復(fù)至設(shè)計(jì)值±0.5mm。整形后護(hù)套抗拉強(qiáng)度≥800MPa，滿足臨床使用要求。

　　For the deformed sheath, use a hydraulic straightening machine and a laser caliper to restore the bending radius to the design value ± 0.5mm. After shaping, the tensile strength of the sheath should be ≥ 800MPa, which meets the clinical requirements.

　　密封重建

　　Sealing reconstruction

　　更換氟橡膠密封圈，涂覆硅橡膠密封膠。在2bar壓力下，泄漏率<1×10^-6Pa·m3/s，達(dá)到IP68防護(hù)等級(jí)。

　　Replace the fluororubber sealing ring and apply silicone rubber sealant. At a pressure of 2 bar, the leakage rate is less than <1×10^-6Pa·m3/s, achieving an IP68 protection level.

　　性能驗(yàn)證

　　Performance Verification

　　進(jìn)行光通量測(cè)試、色溫測(cè)試、彎曲疲勞測(cè)試。修復(fù)后導(dǎo)光管的光輸出功率恢復(fù)至新品的95%以上，色溫偏差<200K。

　　Conduct luminous flux testing, color temperature testing, and bending fatigue testing. After repair, the light output power of the light guide tube has been restored to over 95% of the new product, and the color temperature deviation is less than 200K.

　　滅菌處理

　　Sterilization treatment

　　通過環(huán)氧乙烷或過氧化氫等離子滅菌，SAL達(dá)10^-6。滅菌后光纖端面無殘留，光學(xué)性能無衰減。

　　Through plasma sterilization with ethylene oxide or hydrogen peroxide, the SAL reaches 10 ^ -6. After sterilization, there is no residue on the fiber end face and no attenuation in optical performance.

　　四、修復(fù)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新方向

　　4、 Innovation direction of repair technology

　　隨著材料科學(xué)與精密加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展，導(dǎo)光管修復(fù)呈現(xiàn)兩大趨勢(shì)：

　　With the development of materials science and precision machining technology, there are two major trends in the repair of light guide tubes:

　　光纖再生技術(shù)

　　Fiber optic regeneration technology

　　采用飛秒激光微加工系統(tǒng)，對(duì)斷裂光纖進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)熔接。在顯微鏡下，可實(shí)現(xiàn)0.1mm精度的光纖對(duì)接，連接損耗<0.2dB。

　　Using a femtosecond laser microfabrication system, precise fusion welding is performed on fractured optical fibers. Under the microscope, fiber optic docking with a precision of 0.1mm can be achieved, and the connection loss is less than 0.2dB.

　　智能監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)

　　Intelligent monitoring system

　　在內(nèi)窺鏡手柄集成光纖傳感器，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)光通量與溫度。當(dāng)光損耗>10%或溫度>50℃時(shí)，自動(dòng)觸發(fā)維護(hù)預(yù)警，延長導(dǎo)光管使用壽命。

　　The endoscope handle integrates fiber optic sensors to monitor real-time light flux and temperature. When the light loss exceeds 10% or the temperature exceeds 50 ℃, an automatic maintenance warning is triggered to extend the service life of the light guide tube.

　　內(nèi)窺鏡維修中的導(dǎo)光管修復(fù)，是光學(xué)、機(jī)械、電子技術(shù)的綜合應(yīng)用。通過建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化修復(fù)流程與質(zhì)量控制體系，可顯著延長導(dǎo)光管使用壽命，降低設(shè)備全生命周期成本。這種精密維護(hù)技術(shù)不僅保障了內(nèi)窺鏡的診療性能，更推動(dòng)了醫(yī)療設(shè)備向可維修、可持續(xù)方向發(fā)展，成為現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)工程的重要支撐。

　　The repair of light guide tubes in endoscopic maintenance is a comprehensive application of optical, mechanical, and electronic technologies. By establishing a standardized repair process and quality control system, the service life of the light guide tube can be significantly extended, and the total lifecycle cost of the equipment can be reduced. This precision maintenance technology not only ensures the diagnostic and therapeutic performance of endoscopes, but also promotes the development of medical equipment towards repairability and sustainability, becoming an important support for modern medical engineering.

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